The Opentrons liquid workstation and its supporting software have been correctly installed and configured, which is the starting point of the programming journey and the basis for ensuring the smooth progress of subsequent work. Next, we will design and write experimental protocols through an intuitive graphical interface or powerful Python API, so that the Opentrons liquid workstation can accurately complete various experimental operations according to our instructions.

1. Preparation 1. Install Opentrons software: Download and install Opentrons App or corresponding programming software from the Opentrons official website or related channels. Make sure the software version is compatible with the Opentrons Liquid Workstation hardware. 2. Connect the hardware: Correctly assemble and connect the various components of the Opentrons liquid workstation (such as pipetting heads, test tube racks, reagent bottles, etc.) to the workstation. Connect the workstation to the computer using a USB cable or other communication method.

2. Write the experimental protocol 1. Open the Opentrons software: Start the Opentrons App or the corresponding programming software. 2. Create a new project: Select "New Project" or a similar option in the software to create a new protocol file for the experiment. 3. Write experimental steps: Use the graphical interface provided by the software or the Python-based Protocol API to write experimental steps. Graphical interfaces often include drag-and-drop operating blocks for defining steps such as pipetting, mixing, heating, and shaking. Python-based programming allows users to write more complex custom logic and conditional judgments. 4. Set parameters: Set necessary parameters for each step, such as pipetting volume, pipetting speed, mixing time, heating temperature, etc. Make sure all parameters meet experimental requirements. 5. Simulation operation: Use the simulation function in the software to run the protocol and check whether there are errors or unreasonable aspects. Adjust protocols and parameters based on simulation results.

3. Calibration and verification 1. Calibration workstation: Before running the experiment, use Opentrons software to calibrate various components of the workstation, such as pipetting heads, test tube racks, etc. The calibration process usually involves adjusting parameters such as position, angle, and height. 2. Verification protocol: Run a short verification protocol on the workstation to check whether pipetting, mixing and other steps are performed accurately. Adjust protocols and calibration parameters based on validation results.

4. Run the experiment 1. Load samples and reagents: Load the samples and reagents required for the experiment to the designated location on the workstation. 2. Run the protocol: Select the protocol to run in the Opentrons software and click the "Run" button. Monitor the operating status of the workstation to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment. 3. Record data: During the experiment, Opentrons software will automatically record experimental data, such as pipetting volume, time stamp, etc. Users can export data for analysis after the experiment.

5. Follow-up processing 1. Clean the workstation: After the experiment, use appropriate cleaning fluid to clean the workstation to prevent samples and reagents from remaining. 2. Maintain the workstation: Regularly check various components of the workstation, such as pipetting heads, test tube racks, etc., to ensure that they are in good condition. Replace worn parts or perform necessary maintenance as needed. 3. Analyze data: Use data analysis software to process and analyze experimental data and draw experimental conclusions.

Users can make full use of the efficiency, accuracy and automation features of Opentrons liquid workstation to complete various complex experimental tasks. At the same time, users can also use Python API for in-depth customization according to experimental needs, continuously optimize and expand experimental protocols, and improve experimental efficiency and accuracy.

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